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Balantidiasis is a zoonotic disease and is acquired by humans via the fecal-oral route from the normal host, the pig, where it is asymptomatic. Fecally contaminated food and water are the common sources of infection in humans.
Balantidium is the only ciliated protozoan known to infect humans. Balantidiasis is a zoonotic disease and is acquired by humans via the feco-oral route from the normal host, the domestic pig, where it is asymptomatic.
The Balantidium coli species has a worldwide distribution, but is more frequent in subtropical and temperate climates. The medical condition balantidiasis is particularly prevalent where poor hygiene and undernourishment weaken a population coincide with living in close contact with pigs, the main reservoir for the species.
A separate genus – Neobalantidium – has been created for several of these species. [5] Balantidium coli is one of the species that has been reclassified. It has also been proposed that it is a junior synonym of genus Balantioides–which has B. coli as the type species.
Balantidiasis: microscopic examination of stools, or colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy Tetracycline, metronidazole or iodoquinol: No Bartonella: Bartonellosis: microscopy, serology, and PCR: Antibiotics No Baylisascaris species Baylisascaris infection No BK virus: BK virus infection No Piedraia hortae: Black piedra: Stain or culture
Balantidiasis is the only ciliate known to be capable of infecting humans, and swine are the primary reservoir host. [27] Balantidiasis is opportunistic and rare in Western countries. [ 28 ] Apicomplexans are parasites of animals and contain an arrangement of organelles called the apical complex.
It can be prevented by deworming dogs, sanitation, proper disposal of animal feces, health education, and livestock vaccination. [50] Cystic echinococcosis is found in the eastern portion of the Mediterranean region, northern Africa, southern and eastern Europe, the southern portion of South America, and Central Asia.
The epiglottis (pl.: epiglottises or epiglottides) is a leaf-shaped flap in the throat that prevents food and water from entering the trachea and the lungs. It stays open during breathing, allowing air into the larynx.