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The Mongol world, ca. 1300. The gray area is the later Timurid empire. Following the defeat of the Mongol ruler Ghazan and the progressive conversion of the Il-Khanate to Islam, the Mongols finally were amenable to ceasing hostilities. The first contacts to establish a treaty of peace were communicated via the slave trader al-Majd al-Sallami.
The Battle of Legnica took place during the first Mongol invasion of Poland. The Mongol invasion in the 13th century led to construction of mighty stone castles, such as Spiš Castle in Slovakia. The Mongols invaded and destroyed Volga Bulgaria and Kievan Rus', before invading Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and other territories.
In 1289, the Principality of Rostov declared independence, rebelling against Mongol rule. The forces of the Golden Horde defeated Rostov, which again became a vassal state of the Golden Horde. [ 1 ]
Mongol offensives in the Levant, 1299–1300. In the summer of 1299, the Mongols under Ghazan successfully took the northern city of Aleppo and defeated the Mamluks in the Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar (also known as the 3rd Battle of Homs), on December 23 or 24, 1299. [27]
Expansion of the Mongol Empire 1206–1294 superimposed on a modern political map of Eurasia. Rise of Genghis Khan. Battle of Dalan Baljut; Mongol conquest of China
The Mongols appointed David VII as ulu ("senior") ruler, while David VI was appointed narin (junior) ruler. [11] The Mongols required the Georgians to provide 90,000 soldiers (calculated at 1/9th of the population), and the agriculture and economy were taxed. [11] They reigned jointly throughout the country for almost a decade under Mongol control.
The Mongols successfully first took the city of Aleppo, and were there joined by their vassal Hethum II of Armenia whose forces participated in the rest of the offensive. The Mongols soundly defeated the Mamluks at the Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar on 23 December 1299. The success in Syria led to rumors in Europe that the Mongols had successfully ...
The Mongol-Tatar invasion also had a significant impact on Russia's political development, as it paved the way for the emergence of the centralized Moscow state, which gradually absorbed other principalities and became the dominant power in Russia. Overall, the invasion of Batu Khan had a profound and lasting impact on the history of Russia.