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Methemoglobinemia mostly affects infants under 6 months of age (particularly those under 4 months) due to low hepatic production of methemoglobin reductase. [23] [24] The most at-risk populations are those with water sources high in nitrates, such as wells and other water that is not monitored or treated by a water treatment facility. The ...
Methyl nitrite is a toxic asphyxiating gas, a potent cyanotic agent. Exposure may result in methemoglobinemia. [6]Methyl nitrite is an oxidizing agent and a heat-sensitive explosive; its sensitivity increases in presence of metal oxides.
For example, a methemoglobin concentration of 1.5 g/dL may represent a percentage of 10% in an otherwise healthy patient with a baseline hemoglobin of 15 mg/dL, whereas the presence of the same concentration of 1.5 g/dL of methemoglobin in an anemic patient with a baseline hemoglobin of 8 g/dL would represent a percentage of 18.75%.
One of the most common cause of methemoglobinemia in infants is due to the ingestion of nitrates and nitrites through well water or foods. In fact, nitrates ( NO − 3 ), often present at too high concentration in drinkwater, are only the precursor chemical species of nitrites ( NO − 2 ), the real culprits of methemoglobinemia.
Due to the lack of oxygen that can be carried by the RBCs, symptoms include a bluish appearance of the skin, lips, and nails . This is the most common variation of a c5br mutation. The type I variation of methemoglobinemia is the first category out of two congenital, autosomal recessive disorders resulting from mutations of the c5br gene. While ...
Climate-driven extreme weather conditions, such as droughts and intense precipitation, may be accelerating the pace at which toxic nitrates are polluting groundwater, a recent study has found.
If in contact with the skin, Butyl Nitrite poppers can cause chemical burns and contact dermatitis of the skin around the mouth and nose. [20] Swallowing poppers (rather than inhaling the vapour) may cause cyanosis, methemoglobinemia, unconsciousness, coma, and complications leading to death.
Due to their very high solubility and because soils are highly unable to retain anions, nitrates can enter groundwater. Elevated nitrate in groundwater is a concern for drinking water use because nitrate can interfere with blood-oxygen levels in infants and cause methemoglobinemia or blue-baby syndrome. [ 28 ]