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Underground lake within Cross Cave in Slovenia, one of 22 such lakes. An underground lake (also known as a subterranean lake) is a lake underneath the surface of the Earth. . Most naturally occurring underground lakes are found in areas of karst topography, [1] [2] where limestone or other soluble rock has been weathered away, leaving a cave where water can flow and accumu
A subterranean river (also known as an underground river) is a river or watercourse that runs wholly or partly beneath the ground, one where the riverbed does not represent the surface of the Earth. It is distinct from an aquifer , which may flow like a river but is contained within a permeable layer of rock or other unconsolidated materials.
A stream flowing in a direction approximately opposite to that of the dip of the underlying surface rocks. It is frequently, though not necessarily, an obsequent stream. [4] anticline A geological upfold that has an arch-like convex shape and its oldest beds near its center, often visible at the Earth's surface in exposed rock strata. Contrast ...
The lowering of a fluvial surface, such as a stream bed or floodplain, through erosional processes. dendrite A crystal that develops with a typical multi-branching tree-like form. Denudation The lowering of the earth's surface through chemical and physical weathering. deposition The geological process by which material is added to a landform or ...
Icebergs or pieces of floating ice smaller than 5 meters above the sea surface are classified as "bergy bits"; smaller than 1 meter—"growlers". [9] The largest known iceberg in the North Atlantic was 168 metres (551 ft) above sea level, reported by the USCG icebreaker Eastwind in 1958, making it the height of a 55-story building.
The hydrosphere (from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) 'water' and σφαῖρα (sphaîra) 'sphere') [1] [2] is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, minor planet, or natural satellite. Although Earth's hydrosphere has been around for about 4 billion years, [3] [4] it continues to change in shape.
The Greek adjective χθόνιος (khthónios) means 'in, under, or beneath the earth', which can be differentiated from γῆ (gê), which speaks to the living surface of land on the earth. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] In Greek, χθόνιος ( khthónios ) is a descriptive word for things relating to the underworld, [ 6 ] which was in antiquity ...
The submerged surface has mountainous features, including a globe-spanning mid-ocean ridge system, as well as undersea volcanoes, [20] oceanic trenches, submarine canyons, oceanic plateaus and abyssal plains. The mass of the oceans is approximately 1.35 × 10 18 metric tons, or about 1/4400 of the total mass of the Earth.