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There have been 46 space missions to the planet Venus (including gravity-assist flybys). Missions to Venus constitute part of the exploration of Venus. The Soviet Union, followed by the United States, have soft landed probes on the surface. Venera 7 was the first lander overall and first for the Soviet Union, touching down on 15 December 1970.
Venera-D is a proposed mission to Venus that would include a highly capable orbiter and a lander. From the standpoint of total mass delivered to Venus, the best launch opportunities occur in 2026 and 2031; [ 10 ] however, as of March 2021, Venera-D is planned for launch no earlier than November 2029. [ 11 ]
Venera 11: Venus 9 September 1978 25 December 1978 108 days (3 months, 17 days) The Venera 11 bus flew by Venus at a minimum distance of 34,000 km and left a lander. [94] Venera 12: Venus 14 September 1978 19 December 1978 97 days (3 months, 6 days) The Venera 12 bus flew by Venus at a minimum distance of 34,000 km and left a lander. [95]
Route of Venera 1 on a Soviet stamp. Venera 1 was the second of two attempts to launch a probe to Venus in February 1961, immediately following the launch of its sister ship Venera-1VA No.1, [2] which failed to leave Earth orbit due to the failure of a power transformer. The transformer was wrapped in foil and painted black and white for ...
Its sister craft Venera 2 had failed due to overheating shortly before completing its flyby mission. Capsule of Venera-4 in Memorial Museum of Astronautics. The descent capsule of Venera 4 entered the atmosphere of Venus on October 18, 1967, making it the first probe to return direct measurements from another planet's atmosphere. The capsule ...
Venera 4 (Russian: Венера-4, lit. 'Venus-4'), also designated 4V-1 No.310, was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus.The probe comprised a lander, designed to enter the Venusian atmosphere and parachute to the surface, and a carrier/flyby spacecraft, which carried the lander to Venus and served as a communications relay for it.
Venera 3 (Russian: Венера-3 meaning Venus 3) was a Venera program space probe that was built and launched by the Soviet Union to explore the surface of Venus. It was launched on 16 November 1965 at 04:19 UTC from Baikonur , Kazakhstan , USSR .
Venera 7 (Russian: Венера-7, lit. 'Venus 7') was a Soviet spacecraft, part of the Venera series of probes to Venus . When it landed on the Venusian surface on 15 December 1970, it became the first spacecraft to soft land on another planet and the first to transmit data from there back to Earth .