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In surveying, bearings can be referenced to true north, magnetic north, grid north (the Y axis of a map projection), or a previous map, which is often a historical magnetic north. [ citation needed ] If navigating by gyrocompass , the reference direction is true north , in which case the terms true bearing and geodetic bearing are used.
Surveying has been an element in the development of the human environment since the beginning of recorded history. It is used in the planning and execution of most forms of construction. It is also used in transportation, communications, mapping, and the definition of legal boundaries for land ownership.
The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is the surveying method developed and used in the United States to plat, ... a bearing tree is a witness to a survey corner. Design
Compass surveying is a type of surveying in which the directions of surveying lines are determined with a magnetic compass, and the length of the surveying lines are measured with a tape or chain or laser range finder. [2] The compass is generally used to run a traverse line. The compass calculates bearings of lines with respect to magnetic needle.
A direction may be a simple compass bearing or a precise orientation determined by accurate survey methods. Bounds (Abuttals and boundaries) refer to a more general boundary description, such as along a certain watercourse, a stone wall, an adjoining public road way, or an existing building. The system is often used to define larger pieces of ...
The resulting bearing indicated is the magnetic bearing to the target. Again, if one is using "true" or map bearings, and the compass does not have preset, pre-adjusted declination, one must additionally add or subtract magnetic declination to convert the magnetic bearing into a true bearing. The exact value of the magnetic declination is place ...
Resection and its related method, intersection, are used in surveying as well as in general land navigation (including inshore marine navigation using shore-based landmarks). Both methods involve taking azimuths or bearings to two or more objects, then drawing lines of position along those recorded bearings or azimuths.
In surveying, free stationing (also known as resection) is a method of determining a location of one unknown point in relation to known points. [1] There is a zero point of reference called a total station. The instrument can be freely positioned so that all survey points are at a suitable sight from the instrument.