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Income inequality generally reduces government net lending/borrowing for all the countries. Economic growth, they find, leads to an increase of income inequality in the case of the UK and to the decline of inequality in the cases of the US and Canada. At the same time, economic growth improves government net lending/borrowing in all the countries.
Economic inequality is an umbrella term for a) income inequality or distribution of income (how the total sum of money paid to people is distributed among them), b) wealth inequality or distribution of wealth (how the total sum of wealth owned by people is distributed among the owners), and c) consumption inequality (how the total sum of money spent by people is distributed among the spenders).
Buildings in Rio de Janeiro, demonstrating economic inequality. Effects of income inequality, researchers have found, include higher rates of health and social problems, and lower rates of social goods, [1] a lower population-wide satisfaction and happiness [2] [3] and even a lower level of economic growth when human capital is neglected for high-end consumption. [4]
Noah admits the evidence of this correlation is "circumstantial rather than direct", but so is "the evidence that smoking is a leading cause of lung cancer." [96] The economic grievance thesis argues that economic factors, such as deindustrialisation, economic liberalisation, and deregulation, are causing the formation of a 'left-behind ...
Spatial inequality refers to the unequal distribution of income and resources across geographical regions. [1] Attributable to local differences in infrastructure, [2] geographical features (presence of mountains, coastlines, particular climates, etc.) and economies of agglomeration, [3] such inequality remains central to public policy discussions regarding economic inequality more broadly.
Economic democracy is a socioeconomic philosophy that proposes to shift decision-making power from corporations to a larger group of public stakeholders that includes workers, customers, suppliers, neighbours and the broader public. Economists Richard D. Wolff and Gar Alperovitz claim that such policies would improve equality. [239] [240] [241]
Occupational inequality greatly affects the socioeconomic status of an individual which is linked with their access to resources like finding a job, buying a house, etc. [4] If an individual experiences occupational inequality, it may be more difficult for them to find a job, advance in their job, get a loan or buy a house.
Systemically important economies: these are the economic blocks running the imbalances, that are relevant to the world market operations, e.g. China, the Euro area or the United States. Reflect distortions or entail risks: this parts concerns both the causes (distortions) and possible consequences (risks) of the imbalances.