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Cellulose nitrate (c. 1889 – c. 1950) is the first of film supports.It can be found as roll film, motion picture film, and sheet film. It is difficult to determine the dates when all nitrate film was discontinued, however, Eastman Kodak last manufactured nitrate film in 1951. [1]
Adox was a German camera and film brand of Fotowerke Dr. C. Schleussner GmbH of Frankfurt am Main, the world's first photographic materials manufacturer. In the 1950s it launched its revolutionary thin layer sharp black and white kb 14 and 17 films, referred to by US distributors as the 'German wonder film'. [1]
Nitrate film stock was used in every major film production before about 1951. Many silent films only survived because they were printed to 16 mm film , which did not use a nitrate base. A report published by the United States Library of Congress in September 2013 states that 70 percent of all American silent feature films are lost.
For this list of lost films, ... One major contributing factor is the common use of nitrate film until ... Of approximately the 1,100 films made in India between 1912 ...
It was believed the film's remaining reels were destroyed along with 1,700 nitrate-based films in the fire at the Film and Television Institute of India on 8 January 2003. [60] The prints were later retrieved from the private collection of Phalke's children. [61] [62] The NFAI has restored and digitised the film. [63]
Cellulose triacetate superseded nitrate as the film industry's mainstay base very quickly. While Kodak had discontinued some nitrate film stocks earlier, it stopped producing various nitrate roll films in 1950 and ceased production of nitrate 35 mm motion picture film in 1951. [49]
Kodak discontinued the manufacture of nitrate base in 1951, and the industry transitioned entirely to safety film in 1951 in the United States and by 1955 internationally. Since the late 1990s, almost all release prints have used polyester film stock.
The changeover was completed for X-ray films in 1933, but although safety film was always used for 16 mm and 8 mm home movies, nitrate film remained standard for theatrical 35 mm films until it was finally discontinued in 1951. [48] Hurter and Driffield began pioneering work on the light sensitivity of photographic emulsions in 1876.