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Harappa (Punjabi pronunciation: [ɦəɽəˈpaː]) is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan, about 24 kilometres (15 miles) west of Sahiwal.The Bronze Age Harappan civilisation, now more often called the Indus Valley Civilisation, is named after the site, which takes its name from a modern village near the former course of the Ravi River, which now runs eight kilometres (five miles) to the ...
Indus Valley Civilisation Alternative names Harappan civilisation ancient Indus Indus civilisation Geographical range Basins of the Indus river, Pakistan and the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakra river, eastern Pakistan and northwestern India Period Bronze Age South Asia Dates c. 3300 – c. 1300 BCE Type site Harappa Major sites Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira, and Rakhigarhi Preceded by Mehrgarh ...
Several periodisations are employed for the periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation. [1] [2] While the Indus Valley Civilisation was divided into Early, Mature, and Late Harappan by archaeologists like Mortimer Wheeler, [3] newer periodisations include the Neolithic early farming settlements, and use a stage–phase model, [1] [4] [3] often combining terminology from various systems.
Early Harappan (Early Bronze Age) Regionalisation Era c. 4000 –2500/2300 BCE (Shaffer) [3] c. 5000 –3200 BCE (Coningham & Young) [4] 3300–2800 Harappan 1 (Ravi phase) 2800–2600 Harappan 2 (Kot Diji Phase, Nausharo I, Mehrgarh and Vinya VII) 2600–1900 Mature Harappan (Indus Valley Civilisation) Integration Era 2600–2450
The oldest-known site of the Indus Valley Civilization, Bhirrana, [7] and the largest site, Rakhigarhi, [8] are located in the Indian state of Haryana. More than 90% of the inscribed objects and seals that were discovered were found at ancient urban centres along the Indus river in Pakistan, mainly in Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.
Early Harappan: 3300-2600 BCE: Early Harappan Culture: Integration Era: 2600-1900 BCE: Indus Valley civilization: Indus Valley civilization: Indus Valley civilization: Culture: Localisation Era/Late Harappan OCP/Cemetery H: 1900-1500 BCE: Earliest known rice cultivation [a] Culture: Localisation Era/Late Harappan
The extent of the Indus Valley Civilisation. This list of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilisation lists the technological and civilisational achievements of the Indus Valley Civilisation, an ancient civilisation which flourished in the Bronze Age around the general region of the Indus River and Ghaggar-Hakra River in what is today Pakistan and northwestern India.
The Indus Valley Civilization expand across the whole of modern-day Pakistan, much of northern India, and large parts of Afghanistan, with Harappa and Mohenjo-daro becoming large metropolises. [20] 2600 BCE: End of the Early Indus Valley Civilization culture. Start of Mature Indus Valley Civilization culture