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Megaloblastic anemia is a type of macrocytic anemia. An anemia is a red blood cell defect that can lead to an undersupply of oxygen. [1] Megaloblastic anemia results from inhibition of DNA synthesis during red blood cell production. [2] When DNA synthesis is impaired, the cell cycle cannot progress from the G2 growth stage to the mitosis (M ...
Megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B 12 deficiency is characterized by red blood cells that are larger than normal and are unable to deliver oxygen to the body's organs. [7] [8] The clinical case indicates an altered synthesis of DNA, in which vitamin B 12 is essential for the production and maturation of red blood cells in the bone marrow. [8]
Bone marrow examination refers to the pathologic analysis of samples of bone marrow obtained by bone marrow biopsy (often called trephine biopsy) and bone marrow aspiration. Bone marrow examination is used in the diagnosis of a number of conditions, including leukemia , multiple myeloma , lymphoma , anemia , and pancytopenia .
Neutrophil hypersegmentation is one of the earliest, most sensitive and specific signs of megaloblastic anemia (mainly caused by hypovitaminosis of vitamin B12 & folic acid). Nuclear hypersegmentation of DNA in neutrophils strongly suggests megaloblastosis when associated with macro-ovalocytosis.
Signs of folate deficiency anemia most of the time are subtle. [4] Anemia (macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia) can be a sign of advanced folate deficiency in adults. [1] Folate deficiency anemia may result in feeling tired, weakness, changes to the color of the skin or hair, open sores on the mouth, shortness of breath, palpitations, lightheadedness, cold hands and feet, headaches, easy bleeding ...
Howell–Jolly bodies inside of two normoblasts (center) in bone marrow. Giemsa stain, 1000x. Howell–Jolly bodies are also seen in amyloidosis, severe hemolytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The bodies can also can be seen in premature infants.
Nutritional anemia can be caused by a lack of iron, protein, vitamin B12, and other vitamins and minerals that are needed for the formation of hemoglobin. However, Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional disorder. [7] Signs of anemia include cyanosis, jaundice, and easy bruising. [7]
Macrocytosis is a condition where red blood cells are larger than normal. [1] These enlarged cells, also known as macrocytes, are defined by a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) that exceeds the upper reference range established by the laboratory and hematology analyzer (usually >110 fL). [2]