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Toe flexors are innervated by the tibial nerve. Toe extensors (extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus) are innervated by the deep peroneal nerve. Loss of normal adult descending pyramidal control of the reflex arc to suppress extensor withdrawal results in the upgoing toes in the plantar reflex known as Babinski's sign. [11]
It is caused by compression of the tibial nerve underneath the flexor retinaculum of the foot. [1] People with tarsal tunnel syndrome have pain in the plantar aspect of the foot mostly at night. Weight bearing increases pain and weakness is found on intrinsic foot muscles with positive Tinel sign at the tunnel. There is no tenderness present on ...
Flexion is primarily performed by intrinsic foot muscles; the second toe (the) is unique as it has two dorsal interossei but no plantar interossei muscles. The lumbrical muscles, attached to the medial side of the lesser toes, act as unopposed adductor, but become insufficient plantar flexors with chronic extension. [5]
Medial borders of long flexor tendons: Insertion: Proximal phalanges and extensor tendons of the 4 lateral toes: Artery: Medial and lateral plantar arteries: Nerve: Medial and lateral plantar nerves (S3) Actions: Flexes metatarsophalangeal joints, extends interphalangeal joints: Identifiers; Latin: musculus lumbricalis pedis: TA98: A04.7.02.069 ...
The flexor retinaculum of the foot extends from the medial malleolus above, to the calcaneus below. [1] This converts a series of bony grooves into canals for the passage of the tendons of the flexor muscles and the posterior tibial vessels and tibial nerve into the sole of the foot, known as the tarsal tunnel.
The two heads of each muscle form a central tendon which passes forwards deep to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament. [1] The tendons are inserted on the bases of the second, third, and fourth proximal phalanges [2] and into the aponeurosis of the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus [3] without attaching to the extensor hoods of the toes.
It extends between the medial process of the tuber calcanei [1] and the proximal phalanges of [citation needed] the toes. It provides some attachment to the flexor muscles of the toes. [1] Distally, the plantar fascia becomes continuous with the fibrous sheaths enveloping the flexor tendons passing to the toes.
The only movements permitted in the joints of the digits are flexion and extension; these movements are more extensive between the first and second phalanges than between the second and third. The flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus flex the interphalangeal joint of the big toe and lateral four toes, respectively. The tendons of ...