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Multiple forms of extrachromosomal DNA exist, and, while some of these serve important biological functions, [1] they can also play a role in diseases such as cancer. [2] [3] [4] In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids, whereas, in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. [1]
An extrachromosomal array is a method for mosaic analysis in genetics. It is a cosmid , and contains two functioning ( wild-type ) closely linked genes : a gene of interest and a mosaic marker . Such an array is injected into germ line cells, which already contain mutant (specifically, loss of function ) alleles of all three genes in their ...
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a type of double-stranded circular DNA structure that was first discovered in 1964 by Alix Bassel and Yasuo Hotta. [1] In contrast to previously identified circular DNA structures (e.g., bacterial plasmids, mitochondrial DNA, circular bacterial chromosomes, or chloroplast DNA), eccDNA are circular DNA found in the eukaryotic nuclei of plant and animal ...
In mathematical genetics, a genetic algebra is a (possibly non-associative) algebra used to model inheritance in genetics.Some variations of these algebras are called train algebras, special train algebras, gametic algebras, Bernstein algebras, copular algebras, zygotic algebras, and baric algebras (also called weighted algebra).
In Mendelian inheritance, genes have only two alleles, such as a and A. Mendel consciously chose pairs of genetic traits, represented by two alleles for his inheritance experiments. In nature, such genes often exist in several different forms and are therefore said to have multiple alleles. An individual usually has only two copies of each gene ...
The term plasmid was coined in 1952 by the American molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg to refer to "any extrachromosomal hereditary determinant." [11] [12] The term's early usage included any bacterial genetic material that exists extrachromosomally for at least part of its replication cycle, but because that description includes bacterial viruses, the notion of plasmid was refined over time ...
Ventura’s relationship with Combs ended in 2018. She went on to marry Alex Fine, an actor and model, and they have two children together. Filing the lawsuit against Combs in November 2023 was ...
The model rail product line covers many European countries including Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Spain, Austria, Italy, Switzerland, Sweden and the Netherlands, and also the USA. In 1974 and 1975, Lionel HO trains were produced by Roco before starting to move production to the Far East in 1976, completing the move by 1978.