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  2. Nitrocellulose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrocellulose

    Nitrocellulose (also known as cellulose nitrate, flash paper, flash cotton, guncotton, pyroxylin and flash string, depending on form) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose through exposure to a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

  3. Celluloid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celluloid

    The first step is transforming raw cellulose into nitrocellulose by conducting a nitration reaction. This is achieved by exposing the cellulose fibers to an aqueous solution of nitric acid; the hydroxyl groups (-OH) will then be replaced with nitrate groups (-ONO 2) on the cellulose chain. The reaction can produce mixed products, depending on ...

  4. Collodion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collodion

    In 1846, Louis-Nicolas Ménard and Florès Domonte discovered that cellulose nitrate could be dissolved in ether. [1] They devised a mixture of ether as the solvent and ethanol as a diluent that rendered cellulose nitrate into a clear gelatinous liquid.

  5. Film base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_base

    In the literature of photography "nitrate" is used as a synonym for the chemical nitrocellulose. It is also referred to as "cellulose nitrate". Nitrocellulose is guncotton, the first replacement propellant for gun powder in firearms. A can of decomposing nitrate film

  6. Conservation and restoration of film - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

    Cellulose acetate is also known as "safety" film and started to replace nitrate film in still photography in the 1920s. [1] There are several types of acetate that were produced after 1925, which include diacetate (c. 1923 – c. 1955), acetate propionate (1927 – c. 1949), acetate butyrate (1936–present), and triacetate (c. 1950 – present). [1]

  7. 1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_Nixon_Nitration_Works...

    The company manufactured cellulose nitrate (also known as nitrocellulose, guncotton, and several other names), a highly flammable material that was the first man-made plastic. [5] [8] Finished cellulose nitrate was piled in 50-by-20-inch (127 by 51 cm) sheets in surrounding buildings. [5] [8]

  8. Cel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel

    A cel, short for celluloid, is a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painted for traditional, hand-drawn animation.Actual celluloid (consisting of cellulose nitrate and camphor) was used during the first half of the 20th century.

  9. Christian Friedrich Schönbein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Schönbein

    Schönbein, in fact, had converted the cellulose of the apron, with the nitro groups (added from the nitric acid) serving as an internal source of oxygen; when heated, the cellulose was completely and suddenly oxidized. Schönbein recognized the possibilities of the new compound.