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1 largely Hindu community with a small Muslim minority; 2 The Suthar include a small Muslim minority. 3 The Bharbhunja include a small Muslim minority. 4 The Chhipa are Muslim. 5 The Ghosi are Muslim. 6 The Gujjar are only partly Muslim. 7 Only Muslim Bhangis such as the Hela are in the OBC list; the Hindu sections have Scheduled Caste status.
Ambedkar was a scheduled caste constitutional lawyer, a member of the low caste. [38] After 15 years since the first amendment listing Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, the government adopted updated criteria for inclusion and exclusion based on the Lokur committee report of 1965.
Each broad caste level is a hierarchical order that is based on notions of purity, non-purity and impurity. It uses the concepts of defilement to limit contacts between caste categories and to preserve the purity of the upper castes. These caste categories have been exclusionary, endogamous and the social identity inherited. [84]
Socio-Economic Survey of Kerala 1968: In 1968, the Communist government under E. M. S. Namboodiripad ordered a socio-economic survey of each resident in the state of Kerala, to assess caste inequalities. Until the census of 2011, this survey was the only caste-based count conducted in post-independence India.
Scheduled Castes (SCs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups. [7] [8] Scheduled Castes are given reservation status guaranteeing political representation, preference in promotion, quota in universities, free and stipended education, scholarships, banking services, various government schemes.
Madiga is a Telugu caste from southern India. [1] They mainly live in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Karnataka, with a small minority in Tamil Nadu. [2] [3] Madigas are historically associated with the work of tannery, leatherwork and small handicrafts. [4] Today, most are agricultural labourers. [5]
Mahar is an Indian caste found largely in the state of Maharashtra and neighbouring areas. [11] [12] Most of the Mahar community followed B. R. Ambedkar in converting to Buddhism in the middle of the 20th century. [13] [14] As of 2017 the Mahar caste was designated as a Scheduled Caste in 16 Indian states.
In Malabar, which unlike Cochin and Travancore was under direct British control, [51] the Ezhavas showed little interest in such bodies because they did not suffer the educational and employment discrimination found elsewhere, nor indeed were the disadvantages that they did experience strictly a consequence of caste alone.