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The author aimed to provide a molecular mechanistic understanding of how peripheral membrane proteins use conformational changes to precisely regulate their activation, localization, and integration into the membrane, and how these protein–lipid interactions contribute to enzyme catalysis.
Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. Membrane proteins fall into several broad categories depending on their location.
There are three different types based on the number of types the protein crosses the membrane and the type of secondary structure used in crossing: biotopic (single pass), alpha-helical polytopic, and beta-barrel.
Like all other cellular membranes, the plasma membrane consists of both lipids and proteins. The fundamental structure of the membrane is the phospholipid bilayer, which forms a stable barrier between two aqueous compartments.
We present here current studies in computational and experimental membrane protein biophysics, and show how they address outstanding challenges in understanding the complex environmental effects on the structure, function and dynamics of membrane proteins.
Membrane proteins mediate processes that are fundamental for the flourishing of biological cells. Membrane-embedded transporters move ions and larger solutes across membranes; receptors mediate communication between the cell and its environment and membrane-embedded enzymes catalyze chemical reactions. Understanding these mechanisms of action ...
These studies elucidate the structural and physiological functions of membrane proteins, providing new insights into their fundamental principles. A summary of these studies is as follows.
Constituting ~30% of the mammalian proteome 1 and 60% of all drug targets 2, integral membrane proteins (IMPs) are solvated by complex mixtures of lipids that influence their structures,...
In reviewing the structures of membrane proteins determined up to the end of 2009, we present in words and pictures the most informative examples from each family.
Membrane proteins are classified by their method of attachment into four main groups: integral, peripheral, partially penetrating, and lipid-anchored. Additionally, integral proteins can be further divided by the type of fold they possess – either alpha-helical or beta-barrel.