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For instance, a Spanish map from 1548 depicts California as a peninsula, [8] while a 1622 Dutch map depicts California as an island. [citation needed] A 1626 Portuguese map depicts the land as a peninsula, [citation needed] while a 1630 British map depicts it as an island. [9] A French map from 1682 only shows the tip of the Baja Peninsula.
Present-day Baja California of Mexico was misrepresented in early maps as an island.This example c. 1650. Restored. The first European explorers, flying the flags of Spain and of England, sailed along the coast of California from the early 16th century to the mid-18th century, but no European settlements were established.
The Portolá expedition was a Spanish voyage of exploration in 1769–1770 that was the first recorded European exploration of the interior of the present-day California. It was led by Gaspar de Portolá , governor of Las Californias , the Spanish colonial province that included California, Baja California , and other parts of present-day ...
Eventually, 21 California Missions were established along the California coast from San Diego to San Francisco—about 500 miles (800 km) up the coast. The missions were nearly all located within 30 miles (48 km) of the coast and almost no exploration or settlements were made in the Central Valley or the Sierra Nevada. The only expeditions ...
Statue of Gaspar de Portolá in Pacifica, California, near the expedition's November 1 camp. This timeline of the Portolá expedition tracks the progress during 1769 and 1770 of the first European exploration-by-land of north-western coastal areas in what became Las Californias, a province of Spanish colonial New Spain.
The presidio was the first permanent European settlement on the Pacific coast of the present-day United States. As the first of the presidios and Spanish missions in California, it was the base of operations for the Spanish colonization of California. [2] The associated Mission San Diego de Alcalá later moved a few miles away.
The Sierra Nevada lies primarily in Central and Eastern California, with the Carson Range, a small but historically important spur, extending into Nevada. West-to-east, the Sierra Nevada's elevation increases gradually from 500 feet (150 m) in the Central Valley [ 18 ] to more than 14,000 feet (4,300 m) atop the highest peaks of its crest 50 to ...
The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.