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The most common transport protocols that use port numbers are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP); those port numbers are 16-bit unsigned numbers. A port number is always associated with a network address of a host, such as an IP address, and the type of transport protocol used for communication. It ...
The port numbers in the range from 0 to 1023 (0 to 2 10 − 1) are the well-known ports or system ports. [3] They are used by system processes that provide widely used types of network services. On Unix-like operating systems, a process must execute with superuser privileges to be able to bind a network socket to an IP address using one of the ...
Each socket pair is described by a unique 4-tuple consisting of source and destination IP addresses and port numbers, i.e. of local and remote socket addresses. [11] [12] As discussed above, in the TCP case, a socket pair is associated on each end of the connection with a unique 4-tuple.
An ephemeral port is a communications endpoint of a transport layer protocol of the Internet protocol suite that is used for only a short period of time for the duration of a communication session. Such short-lived ports are allocated automatically within a predefined range of port numbers by the IP stack software of a computer operating system.
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Protocols that do not use port numbers (for example, Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP), ICMP or ICMPv6) are supported for IPv4 firewall, IPv6 firewall and NPTv6 (IPv6 prefix translation) functions, but cannot be supported by more than one client per external IP address in the case of NAT.
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