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Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), also known as intraductal carcinoma, is a pre-cancerous or non-invasive cancerous lesion of the breast. [1] [2] DCIS is classified as Stage 0. [3] It rarely produces symptoms or a breast lump that can be felt, typically being detected through screening mammography.
Consequently, finding and treating many cases of DCIS represents overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Treatment is given to all women with DCIS because it is currently impossible to predict which patients with DCIS will have an indolent, non-fatal course, and which few will inevitably progress to invasive cancer and premature death if left untreated.
The prognosis for patients with invasive carcinoma NST is heterogenous and difficult to predict for every individual. However, general factors such as high tumor grade, stage, receptor negativity, BRCA1-positivity suggest higher risk of recurrence and lower overall survival.
Individuals diagnosed with comedo-type DCIS (comedocarcinoma) often have a higher chance of it developing into an invasive derivative—if left untreated, this chance is nearly 100%. These individuals are also at an increased risk of cancer recurrence, with this recurrence manifesting itself earlier than in other forms of DCIS.
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a group of abnormal cells. [1] [2] While they are a form of neoplasm, [3] there is disagreement over whether CIS should be classified as cancer.This controversy also depends on the exact CIS in question (e.g., cervical, skin, breast).
Hyperglycemia symptoms can include frequent urination and increased thirst and, if left untreated, could become life-threatening with signs including shortness of breath, fruity-smelling breath ...
In contrast to an artifact of crowded cells, the calcification characteristically extends outside the focal plane, as the background DCIS is blurred in this focus. Dystrophic calcification (DC) is the calcification occurring in degenerated or necrotic tissue, as in hyalinized scars, degenerated foci in leiomyomas, and caseous nodules.
IBBC tumors do have the potential to metastasize to distant tissues if left untreated for a very long time period. [19]) Virtually all patients (97.2% of the 760 cases) in the SEER review study were treated by surgical removal of their tumors. [12] This surgery has typically been either breast-conserving surgery or modified radical mastectomies ...