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[12] [13] Among the roles relevant to beliefs is their relation to perceptions and to actions: perceptions usually cause beliefs and beliefs cause actions. [4] For example, seeing that a traffic light has switched to red is usually associated with a belief that the light is red, which in turn causes the driver to bring the car to a halt.
Religious beliefs can inform ordinary aspects of life including eating, clothing and marriage, as well as deliberately religious acts such as worship, prayer, sacrifices etc. As there are over 4,000 religions in the world, [ 1 ] there is a wide variety of behaviour.
Here the belief in question is not a belief that one will do the action but a belief that the action in question is a means towards the positively evaluated end. [ 2 ] [ 12 ] This theory has been criticized based on the idea that there is a difference between evaluating a course of action and committing oneself to a course of action.
The term attitude with the psychological meaning of an internal state of preparedness for action was not used until the 19th century. [3]: 2 The American Psychological Association (APA) defines attitude as "a relatively enduring and general evaluation of an object, person, group, issue, or concept on a dimension ranging from negative to positive.
It encourages students to define their own values and to understand others' values." [28] Cognitive moral education builds on the belief that students should learn to value things like democracy and justice as their moral reasoning develops. [28] Values relate to the norms of a culture, but they are more global and intellectual than norms.
Human behavior is shaped by psychological traits, as personality types vary from person to person, producing different actions and behavior. Social behavior accounts for actions directed at others. It is concerned with the considerable influence of social interaction and culture, as well as ethics, interpersonal relationships, politics, and ...
The need to justify our actions and decisions, especially the ones inconsistent with our beliefs, comes from the unpleasant feeling called cognitive dissonance. [1] Cognitive dissonance is a state of tension that occurs whenever a person holds two inconsistent cognitions. For example, "Smoking will shorten my life, and I wish to live for as ...
Every action has a reason but not every action has a good reason. Only actions with good reasons are considered rational. [34] For example, John's action of going to the fridge would be considered irrational if his reason for this is bad, e.g. because his belief that there is ice cream in the fridge is merely based on wishful thinking. [35]