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Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) is a technique for the determination of the surface structure of single-crystalline materials by bombardment with a collimated beam of low-energy electrons (30–200 eV) [1] and observation of diffracted electrons as spots on a fluorescent screen.
Living Building Challenge Version 2.1 is published. [9] June 2012 Living Building Challenge receives the Buckminster Fuller Challenge. [10] 2013 Net Zero Energy Building Certification is released. [11] May 2014 Living Building Challenge Version 3.0 is released. [12] May 2014 200th project registers for the Living Building Challenge. [4 ...
The pilot version, LEED New Construction (NC) v1.0, led to LEED NCv2.0, LEED NCv2.2 in 2005, LEED 2009 (a.k.a. LEED v3) in 2009, and LEED v4 in November 2013. LEED 2009 was depreciated for new projects registered from October 31, 2016. [58] LEED v4.1 was released on April 2, 2019. [59]
The LEED Green Building Rating System (LEED) is a program that provides third-party verification of green buildings. The LEED program rates commercial buildings, homes, neighborhoods, retail, healthcare, schools, including every phase of the respective building lifecycle, including design, construction, operations, and maintenance.
Over the years, LEED has undergone many changes and is now currently in its fourth iteration, which was launched in late 2013. [26] Taipei 101, the tallest and largest LEED Platinum certified building in the world since 2011. LEED rating systems differ according to the type of the project. [27] The different types of rating systems fall under: [27]
Software versioning is the process of assigning either unique version names or unique version numbers to unique states of computer software. Within a given version number category (e.g., major or minor), these numbers are generally assigned in increasing order and correspond to new developments in the software.
However both BIG and LEED are successful standards similar to CALGreen. The system developed by Build-it-Green is called GreenPoint Rated Climate Calculator and initial project run-throughs using the Climate Calculator found emissions reductions of about 20% over conventional new construction built to code.
The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) category in LEED standards, one of the five environmental categories, was created to provide comfort, well-being, and productivity of occupants. The LEED IEQ category addresses design and construction guidelines especially: indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal quality, and lighting quality. [46] [47] [48]