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The Golgi apparatus (/ ˈ ɡ ɒ l dʒ i /), also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. [1] Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm , it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination.
Electron micrograph of in vitro–formed COPI-coated vesicles. Average vesicle diameter at the membrane level is 60 nm. COPI is a coatomer, a protein complex [1] that coats vesicles transporting proteins from the cis end of the Golgi complex back to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they were originally synthesized, and between Golgi compartments.
The Coat Protein Complex II, or COPII, is a group of proteins that facilitate the formation of vesicles to transport proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus or endoplasmic-reticulum–Golgi intermediate compartment.
These different variations of Golgi cisternae are categorized into three groups; cis Golgi network, medial, and trans Golgi network. [2] The cis Golgi network is the first step in the cisternal structure of a protein being packaged, while the trans Golgi network is the last step in the cisternal structure when the vesicle is being transferred ...
Vesicles can also fuse with other organelles within the cell. A vesicle released from the cell is known as an extracellular vesicle. Vesicles perform a variety of functions. Because it is separated from the cytosol, the inside of the vesicle can be made to be different from the cytosolic environment. For this reason, vesicles are a basic tool ...
Its shape is similar to a stack of pancakes. The number of these stacks varies with the specific function of the cell. The Golgi apparatus is used by the cell for further protein modification. The section of the Golgi apparatus that receives the vesicles from the ER is known as the cis face, and is usually near the ER.
54161 Ensembl ENSG00000181789 ENSMUSG00000030058 UniProt Q9Y678 Q9QZE5 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_016128 NM_017477 NM_201244 RefSeq (protein) NP_057212 NP_059505 NP_957696 Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 129.25 – 129.28 Mb Chr 6: 87.86 – 87.89 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Coatomer subunit gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COPG gene. It is one of seven proteins ...
Vesicles pass between the Golgi and endosomes in both directions. The GGAs and AP-1 clathrin-coated vesicle adaptors make vesicles at the Golgi that carry molecules to endosomes. [18] In the opposite direction, retromer generates vesicles at early endosomes that carry molecules