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Digital Signal 1 (DS1, sometimes DS-1) is a T-carrier signaling scheme devised by Bell Labs. [1] DS1 is the primary digital telephone standard used in the United States , Canada and Japan and is able to transmit up to 24 multiplexed voice and data calls over telephone lines.
Digital Signal Designation Bandwidth/data rate Channels (DS0s) Carrier designation DS0 64 kbit/s 1 DS1: 1.544 Mbit/s 24 T1 DS1 3.152 Mbit/s 48 T1c
Digital Signal 3 (DS3 or T3 line) is a digital signal level 3 T-carrier. The data rate for this type of signal is 44.736 Mbit/s (45 Mb). It can transport 28 DS1 level signals within its payload. It can transport 672 DS0 level channels within its payload. [1]
The T-carrier is a hardware specification for carrying multiple time-division multiplexed (TDM) telecommunications channels over a single four-wire transmission circuit. It was developed by AT&T at Bell Laboratories ca. 1957 and first employed by 1962 for long-haul pulse-code modulation (PCM) digital voice transmission with the D1 channel bank.
A DS3 transported over SONET is encapsulated in a STS-1 SONET channel. An OC-3 SONET link contains three STS-1s, and therefore may carry three DS3s. Likewise, OC-12, OC-48, and OC-192 may carry 12, 48, and 192 DS3s respectively. [citation needed
Robbed-bit signaling uses the least-significant bit of every channel in every sixth frame for signaling instead of data. These bits convey on or off hook, and busy signal status on telephone lines. Since a superframe consists of 12 frames, robbed-bit signaling provides two bits for signaling per channel in a superframe, or four bits per channel ...