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French criminal law is "the set of legal rules that govern the State's response to offenses and offenders". [1] It is one [ 2 ] of the branches of the juridical system of the French Republic . The field of criminal law is defined as a sector of French law , and is a combination of public and private law , insofar as it punishes private behavior ...
In France, the term criminal procedure (French: procédure pénale) has two meanings; a narrow one, referring to the process that happens during a criminal case as it proceeds through the phases of receiving and investigating a complaint, arresting suspects, and bringing them to trial, resulting in possible sentencing—and a broader meaning referring to the way the justice system is organized ...
The French code of criminal procedure (French: Code de procédure pénale) is the codification of French criminal procedure, "the set of legal rules in France that govern the State's response to offenses and offenders". [1] It guides the behavior of police, prosecutors, and judges in dealing with a possible crime.
French criminal law is governed first and foremost by the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure. The Criminal Code, for example, prohibits violent offenses such as homicide, assault and many pecuniary offenses such as theft or money laundering, and provides general sentencing guidelines.
The Code pénal is the codification of French criminal law (droit pénal). It took effect March 1, 1994 and replaced the French Penal Code of 1810 , which had until then been in effect. This in turn has become known as the "old penal code" in the rare decisions that still need to apply it.
criminal law. Criminal law is "the set of legal rules that govern the State's response to offenses and offenders". [53] Droit pénal deals with an individual's rights and obligations under the law, as codified in a criminal code (§ code pénal). Under French criminal law, the criminal code (defines what acts (or omissions) are punishable. [54]
The structure of the French judiciary is divided into three tiers: Inferior courts of original and general jurisdiction; Intermediate appellate courts which hear cases on appeal from lower courts; Courts of last resort which hear appeals from lower appellate courts on the interpretation of law. There are exceptions to this scheme, as noted below.
The principle of criminal liability is defined in the constitution, [citation needed] and a fundamental corollary of it is its application in time (application de la loi pénale dans le temps). This principle means that criminal sanctions are not retroactive, per article 112-1 of the French penal code.