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The Spanish copulas are ser and estar.The latter developed as follows: stare → *estare → estar. The copula ser developed from two Latin verbs. Thus its inflectional paradigm is a combination: most of it derives from svm (to be) but the present subjunctive appears to come from sedeo (to sit) via the Old Spanish verb seer.
Similarly, the participle agrees with the subject when it is used with ser to form the "true" passive voice (e.g. La carta fue escrita ayer 'The letter was written [got written] yesterday.'), and also when it is used with estar to form a "passive of result", or stative passive (as in La carta ya está escrita 'The letter is already written.').
In Spanish, the difference is made by the choice of ser or estar. El chico es aburrido uses ser to express a permanent trait ("The boy is boring"). El chico está aburrido uses estar to express a temporary state of mind ("The boy is bored"). The same strategy is used with many adjectives to express either an inherent trait (ser) or a transitory ...
vaig (és)ser vaig estar vaig anar vaig tenir tu vas (és)ser vas estar vas anar vas tenir ell/ella/vostè va (és)ser va estar va anar va tenir nosaltres vam (és)ser vam estar vam anar vam tenir vosaltres vau (és)ser vau estar vau anar vau tenir ells/elles/vostès van (és)ser van estar van anar van tenir
Non-finite Form Infinitive: cantar: Gerund: cantant: Past participle: cantat (cantat, cantada, cantats, cantades) : Indicative jo tu ell / ella (vostè)nosaltres vosaltres (vós)ells / elles
Like Spanish, it has two main copular verbs: ser and estar. It has a number of grammatical features that distinguish it from most other Romance languages, such as a synthetic pluperfect, a future subjunctive tense, the inflected infinitive, and a present perfect with an iterative sense.
The "essence" form (Portuguese and Spanish ser and Catalan ser and ésser) is derived in whole or in part from the Latin sum (the Latin copula), while the "state" form (estar in all three languages) is derived from the Latin stāre ("to stand").
The verbs ser (to be) and ir (to go) both exhibit irregularities in the present, imperfect and preterite forms (note that these two verbs have the same preterite fui). Together with ver (to see) and prever (to foresee), they are the only four verbs with irregular imperfect indicative.