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Targeted temperature management (TTM), previously known as therapeutic hypothermia or protective hypothermia, is an active treatment that tries to achieve and maintain a specific body temperature in a person for a specific duration of time in an effort to improve health outcomes during recovery after a period of stopped blood flow to the brain. [1]
Hypothermia appears to have multiple effects at a cellular level following cerebral injury. Hypothermia reduces vasogenic oedema, haemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration after trauma. [31] The release of excitatory neurotransmitters is reduced, limiting intracellular calcium accumulation.
For newborn infants starved of oxygen during birth there is now evidence that hypothermia therapy for neonatal encephalopathy applied within 6 hours of cerebral hypoxia effectively improves survival and neurological outcome. [25] [26] In adults, however, the evidence is less convincing and the first goal of treatment is to restore oxygen to the ...
Neonatal stroke, similar to a stroke which occurs in adults, is defined as a disturbance to the blood supply of the developing brain in the first 28 days of life. [1] This description includes both ischemic events, which results from a blockage of vessels, and hypoxic events, which results from a lack of oxygen to the brain tissue, as well as some combination of the two.
Other neurological complications are increase risk for seizures postoperative due to delayed return of cellular blood flow to the brain. [1] When compared to Moderate Hypothermia (temperature dropped to 26-31 °C [ 30 ] ), there was less bleeding volume experienced during surgery thus leading to less use of packed red blood cells or plasma post ...
Hypothermia therapy is also sometimes termed hypothermic neural rescue therapy. Clinical trials are taking place to investigate the effectiveness of stem cell-based interventions, which are thought to have the potential to reduce mortality and improve the long-term development of newborn infants with neonatal encephalopathy.
Infants with hypothermia may feel cold when touched, with bright red skin and an unusual lack of energy. [ 14 ] Behavioural changes such as impaired judgement, impaired sense of time and place, unusual aggression and numbness can be observed in individuals with hypothermia, they can also deny their condition and refuse any help.
The cold water can cause heart attack due to severe vasoconstriction, [2] where the heart has to work harder to pump the same volume of blood throughout the arteries. For people with pre-existing cardiovascular disease , the additional workload can result in myocardial infarction and/or acute heart failure , which ultimately may lead to a ...