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The Mississippian (/ ˌ m ɪ s ɪ ˈ s ɪ p i. ə n / MISS-iss-IP-ee-ən), [5] also known as Lower Carboniferous or Early Carboniferous, is a subperiod in the geologic timescale or a subsystem of the geologic record. It is the earlier of two subperiods of the Carboniferous period lasting from roughly 358.9 to 323.2
The Mississippian period is the chronological stage, while Mississippian culture refers to the cultural similarities that characterize this society. The Early Mississippian period ( c. 1000 –1200) had just transitioned from the Late Woodland period way of life (500–1000).
Carboniferous is the period during which both terrestrial animal and land plant life was well established. [10] Stegocephalia (four-limbed vertebrates including true tetrapods), whose forerunners (tetrapodomorphs) had evolved from lobe-finned fish during the preceding Devonian period, became pentadactylous during the Carboniferous. [11]
The origin of the Upper Mississippian cultures is a matter of debate among archaeologists. They may have been local Late Woodland populations who were influenced by the large-scale chiefdom entities; or they may have originated in one of these more advanced societies and set out to “colonize” the marginal areas to the north.
Archaic period, (Archaic stage) (8000 – 1000 BCE) by Time Period Early Archaic 8000 – 6000 BCE Plano cultures: 9,000 – 5,000 BCE Paleo-Arctic tradition: 8000 – 5000 BCE Maritime Archaic: Red Paint People: 3000 – 1000 BCE Middle Archaic 6000 – 3000 BCE Chihuahua tradition: c. 6000 BCE – c. 250 CE Watson Brake and Lower Mississippi ...
Mississippian pottery is easily distinguished from earlier Woodland period pottery. Woodland vessels tend to have thicker walls, flat or conical bases and a large amount of either coarse sand or grog used as temper. Mississippian vessels generally have thinner vessel walls, obvious white flecks of shell temper, and round-bottomed pottery forms.
The Pisgah phase (1000 to 1450/1500 CE) is an archaeological phase of the South Appalachian Mississippian culture (a regional variation of the Mississippian culture) in Southeast North America. [1] It is associated with the Appalachian Summit area of southeastern Tennessee , Western North Carolina , and northwestern South Carolina in what is ...
During the Terminal Coles Creek period (1150 to 1250 CE), contact increased with Mississippian cultures centered upriver near the future St. Louis, Missouri. This resulted in the adaption of new pottery techniques , as well as new ceremonial objects and possibly new social patterns during the Plaquemine period. [ 21 ]