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Ruy López's contribution to chess was mainly to its opening theory; Peter J. Monté has described him as the "father of opening theory". [1] His analysis of the King's Gambit in particular went well beyond earlier writing such as Damiano's. [1] He also was the strongest player in Spain, and possibly Italy, for about twenty years.
The opening is named after the 16th-century Spanish priest Ruy López de Segura, who made a systematic study of this and other openings in the 150-page book on chess Libro del Axedrez, written in 1561. [2] Lopez advocated 3.Bb5 as superior to 3.Bc4, and was of the opinion that Black should play 2...d6 (the Philidor Defence) to avoid it.
In the second part, López introduces the word gambit and gives some openings that had not been previously published: the King's Gambit, some variations of the Bishop's Opening, and what is now known as the Steinitz Defense in the Ruy Lopez. The last two parts of the book are critical of the games of Damiano.
A chess opening book is a book on chess openings. This is by far the most common type of literature on chess . These books describe many major lines, like the Sicilian Defence , Ruy Lopez , and Queen's Gambit , [ 1 ] as well as many minor variations of the main lines.
The Exchange Variation of the Ruy Lopez is a chess opening that begins with the moves: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Bxc6. Black may recapture on c6 with either pawn; although 4...bxc6 is playable, 4...dxc6 is almost always chosen at master level. Black has gained the bishop pair at the cost of a weakened pawn structure, having doubled pawns ...
The Marshall Attack (also called the Marshall Gambit) is a chess opening characterised by the moves: . 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5. The Marshall Attack is an aggressive line in the Ruy Lopez, where Black sacrifices a pawn by playing d5 to gain initiative and a kingside attack.
Thus, early chess books, such as the 1497 text of Luis Ramirez de Lucena, present opening analysis, as do Pedro Damiano (1512) and Ruy López de Segura (1561). Ruy López's disagreement with Damiano regarding the merits of 2...Nc6 led to 3.Bb5 (after 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6) being named for him as the Ruy Lopez or Spanish Opening . [ 14 ]
The Berlin Defence is a chess opening that begins with the moves: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6. The opening is a variation of the Ruy Lopez and is assigned codes C65–C67 in the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings. [1] The code C65 covers White moves other than 4.0-0, such as 4.d3 (4.Nc3 is considered a variation of the Four Knights Game). The ...