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Spindle oils are a type of low-viscosity mineral oil marketed for use in lubrication of high-speed machine spindles. [1] Spindle oil is free from gumming properties. [2] Since the viscosity is so low that the oil runs off the surface of the spindle during shut-down periods, the spindle oil may be doped with additives that prevent rusting.
A common type of degradation is the formation of tramp oil, also known as sump oil, which is unwanted oil that has mixed with cutting fluid. [17] It originates as lubrication oil that seeps out from the slideways and washes into the coolant mixture, as the protective film with which a steel supplier coats bar stock to prevent rusting, or as ...
The Spinner by William-Adolphe Bouguereau shows a woman hand-spinning using a drop spindle.Fibers to be spun are bound to a distaff held in her left hand.. Spinning is an ancient textile art in which plant, animal or synthetic fibres are drawn out and twisted together to form yarn.
The processes to make short-staple yarn (typically spun from fibers from 1.9 to 5.1 centimetres (0.75 to 2.0 in)) are blending, opening, carding, pin-drafting, roving, spinning, and—if desired—plying and dyeing. In long staple spinning, the process may start with stretch-break of tow, a continuous "rope" of synthetic fiber.
Serve with mashed potatoes to enjoy every last drop of the rich, beefy gravy. —Angie Stewart, Topeka, Kansas. Get Recipe. Heavenly Cheese Danish. Heavenly Cheese Danish.
Another way spindles are categorised is by the location of the whorl. The whorl, where present, may be located near the top, bottom or center of the spindle. For example a top-whorl drop spindle will have the whorl located near the top of the shaft underneath a hook that allows the spindle to suspend as it is being spun. [10]
Spinning evolved from twisting the fibers by hand, to using a drop spindle, to using a spinning wheel. Spindles or parts of them have been found in archaeological sites and may represent one of the first pieces of technology available. [5] The spinning wheel was most likely invented in the Islamic world by the 11th century. [6]
The great wheel is an example of this type, where the fibre is held in the left hand and the wheel slowly turned with the right. Holding the fibre at a slight angle to the spindle produced the necessary twist. [17] The spun yarn was then wound onto the spindle by moving it so as to form a right angle with the spindle.