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Shock therapy describes a set of techniques used in psychiatry to treat depressive disorder or other mental illnesses. It covers multiple forms, such as inducing seizures or other extreme brain states, or acting as a painful method of aversive conditioning .
Convulsive therapy was introduced in 1934 by Hungarian neuropsychiatrist Ladislas J. Meduna who, believing mistakenly that schizophrenia and epilepsy were antagonistic disorders, induced seizures first with camphor and then metrazol (cardiazol). [14] [15] Meduna is thought to be the father of convulsive therapy. [16]
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a controversial therapy used to treat certain mental illnesses such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, depressed bipolar disorder, manic excitement, and catatonia. [1] These disorders are difficult to live with and often very difficult to treat, leaving individuals suffering for long periods of time.
Perhaps their most famous and influential publication was Towards a Theory of Schizophrenia (1956), [1] which introduced the concept of the Double Bind, and helped found Family Therapy. [2] One of the project's first locations was the Menlo Park VA Hospital, which was chosen because of Bateson's previous work there as an ethnologist. [3]
Family Therapy or Education, which addresses the whole family system of an individual with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, may be beneficial, at least if the duration of intervention is longer-term. [ 129 ] [ 130 ] [ 131 ] A 2010 Cochrane review concluded that many of the clinical trials that studied the effectiveness of family interventions were ...
Chlorpromazine largely replaced electroconvulsive therapy, hydrotherapy, [67] psychosurgery, and insulin shock therapy. [62] By 1964, about fifty million people worldwide had taken it. [68] Chlorpromazine, in widespread use for fifty years, remains a "benchmark" drug in the treatment of schizophrenia, an effective drug although not a perfect ...
An early clinical trial by Eli Lilly of the drug LY2140023 has shown potential for treating schizophrenia without the weight gain and other side-effects associated with conventional anti-psychotics. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] [ 25 ] A trial in 2009 failed to prove superiority over placebo or Olanzapine , but Lilly explained this as being due to an ...
Applications of antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia include prophylaxis for those showing symptoms that suggest that they are at high risk of developing psychosis; treatment of first-episode psychosis; maintenance therapy (a form of prophylaxis, maintenance therapy aims to maintain therapeutic benefit and prevent symptom ...