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  2. Swarm behaviour - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_behaviour

    The Eulerian approach views the swarm as a field, working with the density of the swarm and deriving mean field properties. It is a hydrodynamic approach, and can be useful for modelling the overall dynamics of large swarms. [26] [27] [28] However, most models work with the Lagrangian approach, which is an agent-based model following the ...

  3. Lagrangian and Eulerian specification of the flow field

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_and_Eulerian...

    File:Lagrangian vs Eulerian [further explanation needed] Eulerian perspective of fluid velocity versus Lagrangian depiction of strain.. In classical field theories, the Lagrangian specification of the flow field is a way of looking at fluid motion where the observer follows an individual fluid parcel as it moves through space and time.

  4. Lagrangian–Eulerian advection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LagrangianEulerian...

    In scientific visualization, LagrangianEulerian advection is a technique mainly used for the visualization of unsteady flows. The computer graphics generated by the technique can help scientists visualize changes in velocity fields. This technique uses a hybrid Lagrangian and Eulerian specification of the flow field.

  5. Euler equations (fluid dynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler_equations_(fluid...

    For certain problems, especially when used to analyze compressible flow in a duct or in case the flow is cylindrically or spherically symmetric, the one-dimensional Euler equations are a useful first approximation. Generally, the Euler equations are solved by Riemann's method of characteristics.

  6. Theoretical ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_ecology

    The Eulerian approach views the swarm as a field, working with the density of the swarm and deriving mean field properties. It is a hydrodynamic approach, and can be useful for modelling the overall dynamics of large swarms. [57] [58] [59] However, most models work with the Lagrangian approach, which is an agent-based model following the ...

  7. Lagrangian (field theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_(field_theory)

    In field theory, the independent variable is replaced by an event in spacetime (x, y, z, t), or more generally still by a point s on a Riemannian manifold.The dependent variables are replaced by the value of a field at that point in spacetime (,,,) so that the equations of motion are obtained by means of an action principle, written as: =, where the action, , is a functional of the dependent ...

  8. Material point method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_Point_Method

    Purely Lagrangian methods employ a framework in which a space is discretised into initial subvolumes, whose flowpaths are then charted over time. Purely Eulerian methods, on the other hand, employ a framework in which the motion of material is described relative to a mesh that remains fixed in space throughout the calculation. As the name ...

  9. Shape optimization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_optimization

    As the shape evolves, the grid points do not change; only the function values at the grid points change. This approach, of using a fixed grid, is called the Eulerian approach. The idea of using a function to represent the shape is at the basis of the level-set method. A third approach is to think of the shape evolution as of a flow problem.