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Azathioprine treatment is associated with an increased risk of lymphoma, but whether this is due to the drug or a predisposition related to Crohn's disease is unclear. [21] Lower doses of azathioprine are used as a therapy in children with refractory or corticosteroid-dependent Crohn's disease, without causing many side effects. [22]
There are also other side-effects, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, peptic ulcers, lipodystrophy, moon face, liver injury and kidney injury. The immunosuppressive drugs also interact with other medicines and affect their metabolism and action.
Type A: augmented pharmacological effects, which are dose-dependent and predictable [5]; Type A reactions, which constitute approximately 80% of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug's primary pharmacological effect (e.g., bleeding when using the anticoagulant warfarin) or a low therapeutic index of the drug (e.g., nausea from digoxin), and they are therefore predictable.
Bone marrow suppression is a serious side effect of chemotherapy and certain drugs affecting the immune system such as azathioprine. [2] The risk is especially high in cytotoxic chemotherapy for leukemia. In the case of non-small-cell lung cancer, myelosuppression predisposition was shown to be modulated by enhancer mutations. [3]
Azathioprine and 6-MP may be useful for the following indications: Maintenance therapy with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine may lead people with active Crohn's to take less steroid medication. This may lower side effects related to steroid treatments. [9] Fistulizing disease [11] Maintenance of remission after surgery for Crohn's disease [12]
IV cyclosporine at a rate of 2 mg/kg/day and if no response in 7–10 days, colectomy should be considered. If response is seen, oral cyclosporine at 8 mg/kg/day should be continued for 3–4 months while 6-MP or azathioprine is introduced. Those already on 6-MP or azathioprine should continue with these medications.
6 Potential Long-Term Effects of Ozempic. You may have heard about — or maybe even experienced — the short-term side effects of Ozempic® — such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea.
[18] [20] [5] Alternative immunosuppressants may be used in more severe cases such as: azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, leflunomide, danazol, mycophenolate, mofetil, and cyclosporine. [21] [8] Azathioprine is not recommended for cats due to susceptibility to myelosuppressive effects.