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Income tax was introduced in New Zealand by the Liberal Government in 1891. [5] The tax did not apply to individuals with income less than £300 per annum, which exempted most of the population, and the top rate was 5%. [6] Most government revenue came from customs, land, death and stamp duties. [5] The top rate rose to 6.67% by 1914.
Equalization is a step in property taxation to bring a uniformity to tax assessment levels across different geographical areas or classes of properties. Equalization is usually in the form of a uniform percentage of increase or decrease to each area or class of property.
New Zealand no longer has land taxes per se. Formerly, NZ did have land taxes—its first ever direct tax, enacted in 1878, was a land tax (levied at a rate of one halfpenny per pound of unimproved land value). [1] But the contribution of land taxes to the government steadily reduced and by 1967 represented a mere 0.5% of total government revenues.
Income tax in South Africa was first introduced in 1914 with the introduction of the Income Tax Act No 28, an act that had its origins in the New South Wales Act of 1895. The act has gone through numerous amendments with the act presently in force is the Income Tax Act No 58 of 1962 which contains provisions for four different types of income tax.
Rates are basically a tax on real property. For the year ended June 2005, rates made up 56% of local-authority operating-revenue. [8] Almost all property owners in New Zealand pay rates; those who do so are referred to as ratepayers. People who rent property do not pay rates directly, but property owners will take account of the cost of rates ...
The property tax rate is typically given as a percentage. It may be expressed as a per mil (amount of tax per thousand currency units of property value), which is also known as a millage rate or mill (one-thousandth of a currency unit). To calculate the property tax, the authority multiplies the assessed value by the mill rate and then divides ...
Since the tax is a certain percentage of the price, with increasing price, the tax grows as well. The supply curve shifts upward but the new supply curve is not parallel to the original one. Second, the tax raises the production cost as with the specific tax but the amount of tax varies with price level.
Individuals paid capital gains tax at their highest marginal rate of income tax (0%, 10%, 20% or 40% in the tax year 2007/8) but from 6 April 1998 were able to claim a taper relief which reduced the amount of a gain that is subject to capital gains tax (thus reducing the effective rate of tax) depending on whether the asset is a "business asset ...