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Download QR code; Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version ... is a technique that combines the two classical pharmacologic disciplines of pharmacokinetics and ...
Rowland has published over 270 research articles in international peer-reviewed journals, and over 60 book chapters and conference reports. He co-authored with Thomas Tozer two standard textbooks: Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Concepts and Applications, now in its 5th edition, and Essentials of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon "drug" and kinetikos "moving, putting in motion"; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to describing how the body affects a specific substance after administration. [1]
The first pharmacokinetic model described in the scientific literature [2] was in fact a PBPK model. It led, however, to computations intractable at that time. The focus shifted then to simpler models, [3] for which analytical solutions could be obtained (such solutions were sums of exponential terms, which led to further simplifications.)
The term "pharmacometrics" first appeared in literature in the preface of the 1964 book "Evaluation of Drug Activities: Pharmacometrics" [3]: The sub-title of the book is, as far as we are aware, a neologism, coined by one of us (A.L.B.), and the word is defined by the main title of the book, which could have been even more explicitly, if more verbosely, expressed as "The Identification and ...
Pharmacokinetics studies the manner and speed with which drugs and their metabolites are eliminated by the various excretory organs. This elimination will be proportional to the drug's plasmatic concentrations. In order to model these processes a working definition is required for some of the concepts related to excretion.
It is an application of pharmacokinetics to determine the relationship between the systemic exposure of a compound and its toxicity. It is used primarily for establishing relationships between exposures in toxicology experiments in animals and the corresponding exposures in humans. However, it can also be used in environmental risk assessments ...
In medicine and pharmacology, a trough level or trough concentration (C trough) is the concentration reached by a drug immediately before the next dose is administered, [1] [2] often used in therapeutic drug monitoring.