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  2. Hypercalcaemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercalcaemia

    Hypercalcemia, also spelled hypercalcaemia, is a high calcium (Ca 2+) level in the blood serum. [1] [3] The normal range for total calcium is 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dL, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L), with levels greater than 2.6 mmol/L defined as hypercalcemia. [1] [2] [4] Those with a mild increase that has developed slowly typically have no ...

  3. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_hypocalciuric...

    Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is an inherited condition that can cause hypercalcemia, a serum calcium level typically above 10.2 mg/dL; although uncommon. [1] It is also known as familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FBHH) where there is usually a family history of hypercalcemia which is mild, a urine calcium to creatinine ratio <0.01, and urine calcium <200 mg/day ...

  4. Disorders of calcium metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disorders_of_calcium...

    In a healthy physiology, extracellular calcium levels are maintained within a tight range through the actions of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and the calcium sensing receptor. [1] Disorders in calcium metabolism can lead to hypocalcemia, decreased plasma levels of calcium or hypercalcemia, elevated plasma calcium levels.

  5. Milk-alkali syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk-alkali_syndrome

    However, excessive ingestion of calcium of more than 10-15 g per day has been reported to cause calcium levels too high for renal calcitriol suppression to control, resulting in net calcium absorption that ultimately causes hypercalcemia. [3] [10] Hypercalcemia affects the kidneys in multiple ways that altogether contributes to hypovolemia.

  6. Renal cell carcinoma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_cell_carcinoma

    Blood chemistry tests are conducted if renal cell carcinoma is suspected as cancer has the potential to elevate levels of particular chemicals in blood. For example, liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are found to be at abnormally high levels. [ 43 ]

  7. Idiopathic hypercalcinuria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypercalcinuria

    Three different tests may be used to measure calcium levels in urine, 24-hour urine tests, blood tests, and genetic tests. Measuring calcium levels can also be done using an oral calcium tolerance test. [24] Ultrasound and CT scans of the urinary tract can be done to diagnose kidney stones or kidney abnormalities as IH often accompanies it.

  8. Hypercalciuria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercalciuria

    The gold standard to assess for hypercalciuria is 24-hour urine collection to evaluate urine calcium levels over that time period. Normal range is considered 100 to 300 milligrams per day (mg/day) with standard calcium intake. Hypercalciuria is diagnosed when a value over 300 mg/day is identified. [6]

  9. Hyperparathyroidism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperparathyroidism

    In patients with very high blood calcium levels, treatment may include large amounts of intravenous normal saline. [1] Low vitamin D should be corrected in those with secondary hyperparathyroidism but low Vitamin D pre-surgery is controversial for those with primary hyperparathyroidism. [6]