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The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is a diagnostic tool developed to allow physicians and nurses to identify delirium in the healthcare setting. [1] It was designed to be brief (less than 5 minutes to perform) and based on criteria from the third edition-revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R).
The CIOMS/RUCAM scale has been proposed to establish causal relationship between offending drug and liver damage. The CIOMS/RUCAM scale involves a scoring system which categorizes the suspicion into "definite or highly probable" (score > 8), "probable" (score 6-8), "possible" (score 3-5), "unlikely" (score 1-2) and "excluded" (score ≤ 0).
It is however mostly used in mechanically ventilated patients in order to avoid over and under-sedation. Obtaining a RASS score is the first step in administering the Confusion Assessment Method in the ICU (CAM-ICU), [4] a tool to detect delirium in intensive care unit patients. The RASS is one of many sedation scales used in medicine.
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The score range is 0–12, with scores of 4 or more suggesting possible delirium. Scores of 1-3 suggest possible cognitive impairment. There are several indications of a positive score of 4 or more. Parameters [1] and [4] can each individually trigger a positive score.
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Medical calculators arose because modern medicine makes frequent use of scores and indices that put physicians' memory and calculation skills to the test. [2] The advent of personal computers, the Internet and Web, and more recently personal digital assistants (PDAs) have formed an environment conducive to their development, spread and use.