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Cherry angioma, also called cherry hemangioma [1] or Campbell de Morgan Spot, [2] is a small bright red dome-shaped bump on the skin. [3] It ranges between 0.5 – 6 mm in diameter and usually several are present, typically on the chest and arms, and increasing in number with age.
Angiokeratoma of Fordyce (also known as "Angiokeratoma of the scrotum and vulva," though not to be confused with Fordyce's spots) [5] is a skin condition characterized by red to blue papules on the scrotum or vulva. Solitary angiokeratoma is a small, bluish-black, warty papule that occurs predominantly on the lower extremities. [5]: 590
Hay fever sufferers in particular will notice under-eye "smudges" during the height of the allergy season. Atopy can lead to frequent rubbing of the eyes, leading to local inflammation and increased pigmentation. [4] Also, dark circles from allergies are caused by superficial venous congestion [5] in the capillaries under the eyes.
A skin biopsy may be taken to determine capillaritis of dermal vessels. [8] Capillaritis or pigmented purpura is skin condition that has brown-reddish patches on the skin, which is caused by leaky capillaries. [9] Such skin biopsies are sent to a laboratory for a pathological examination, where each biopsy is observed under a microscope. [3]
The small vessels in the skin affected are located in the superficial dermis and include arterioles (small arteries carrying blood to capillaries), capillaries, and venules (small veins receiving blood from capillaries). [5] In general, immune complexes deposit in vessel walls leading to activation of the complement system.
A petechia (/ p ɪ ˈ t iː k i ə /; [1] pl.: petechiae) is a small red or purple spot (≤4 mm in diameter) that can appear on the skin, conjunctiva, retina, and mucous membranes which is caused by haemorrhage of capillaries. [2] [3] The word is derived from Italian petecchia 'freckle', of obscure origin. [1]
Purpura (/ ˈ p ɜːr p jʊər ə / [1]) is a condition of red or purple discolored spots on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure. The spots are caused by bleeding underneath the skin secondary to platelet disorders, vascular disorders, coagulation disorders, or other causes. [2]
Here, the capillaries are enlarged and increase the blood flow towards the surface of the skin. [10] Because of the capillary malformations, the skin has multiple small, round, pink or even red dots. [10] For most of the affected individuals, these malformations occur on the face, arms and or legs.