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Gregorio Hernández Ríos (17 November 1936 – 8 January 2012), known as El Goyo, was a Cuban rumba singer, dancer and percussionist. [1] A founding member of the Conjunto Folklórico Nacional, he was also the leader of a Santería music ensemble, Grupo Oba-Ilú.
Rumba instrumentation has varied historically depending on the style and the availability of the instruments. The core instruments of any rumba ensemble are the claves, two hard wooden sticks that are struck against each other, and the conga drums: quinto (lead drum, highest-pitched), tres dos (middle-pitched), and tumba or salidor (lowest-pitched).
In the late 1950s, popular artists such as Peret (El Rey de la Rumba) and El Pescaílla developed an uptempo style that combined elements from rumba flamenca, Spanish gypsy music and pop. This became known as Catalan rumba (rumba catalana). [16] In the 1980s, the style gained international popularity thanks to French ensemble Gipsy Kings.
The Son cubano itself was born from a synthesis of different popular styles such as the Rumba Urbana and Rumba Rural, and performed until the 1930s by amateur musicians. [7] Another Cuban folk music style emerged between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th in the poor neighborhoods of Havana.
José Rosario Oviedo (October 5, 1885 – 1927), better known as Malanga, was a Cuban rumba dancer. He is considered one of the most famous columbia dancers and his mysterious death has been the subject of numerous essays, poems and songs, most notably "Malanga murió", written by Faustino Drake and performed by Arsenio Rodríguez amongst others.
Tam Tam o El origen de la rumba, was part of a pioneering Cuban sound film project of the 1930s, directed by Ernesto Caparrós and produced by Royal News, which consisted of three short films: El frutero (1933), Como el arrullo de palmas (1936) and Tam Tam o El origen de la rumba (1938), which is the best known for having survived a copy.
Español: Bailarines de rumba cubana en la plaza de los trabajadores de Camagüey, Cuba. English: Cuban rumba dancers at the workers square in Camagüey, Cuba. This photo has been taken in the country: Cuba
In addition, numerous dance traditions were brought by black slaves from West Africa and the Congo Basin, giving rise to religious dances such as Santería, yuka and abakuá, as well as secular forms such as rumba. Many of these dance elements from European dance and religious dances were fused together to form the basis of la técnica cubana.