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The mentalis muscle causes a weak upward-inward movement of the soft tissue complex of the chin. [2] This raises the central portion of the lower lip. [2] In the setting of lip incompetence (the upper and lower lips not touching each other at rest), the contraction of the mentalis muscle can bring temporary but strained oral competence.
It is a benign genetic disorder linked to chromosome 9q13-q21 [1] where there are episodic involuntary up and down movements of the chin and lower lip.The movements consist of rapid fluttering or trembling at about 8 Hz superimposed onto a once per three seconds movement of higher amplitude and occur symmetrically in the V-shaped muscle.
Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is a form of focal dystonia that affects varying areas of the head and neck including the lower face, jaw, tongue and larynx. The spasms may cause the mouth to pull open, shut tight, or move repetitively. Speech and swallowing may be distorted.
Tremor can also be caused by lack of sleep, lack of vitamins, or increased stress. [11] [12] Deficiencies of magnesium and thiamine [13] have also been known to cause tremor or shaking, which resolves when the deficiency is corrected. [14] Tremors in animals can also be caused by some spider bites, e.g. the redback spider of Australia. [15]
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a rare neuromuscular disease characterized by irregular, involuntary muscle contractions on one side (hemi-) of the face (-facial). [1] The facial muscles are controlled by the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve), which originates at the brainstem and exits the skull below the ear where it separates into five main branches.
Dyskinesia can be anything from a slight tremor of the hands to an uncontrollable movement of the upper body or lower extremities. Discoordination can also occur internally especially with the respiratory muscles and it often goes unrecognized. [3] Dyskinesia is a symptom of several medical disorders that are distinguished by their underlying ...
Within the spinal trigeminal nucleus, information is represented in a layered, or "onion-skin" fashion. The lowest levels of the nucleus (in the upper cervical cord and lower medulla) represent peripheral areas of the face (the scalp, ears and chin). Higher levels (in the upper medulla) represent central areas (nose, cheeks and lips).
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an iatrogenic disorder that results in involuntary repetitive body movements, which may include grimacing, sticking out the tongue or smacking the lips, [1] which occurs following treatment with medication. [6] [7] Additional motor symptoms include chorea or athetosis. [1]