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In geometry, Descartes' theorem states that for every four kissing, or mutually tangent, circles, the radii of the circles satisfy a certain quadratic equation. By solving this equation, one can construct a fourth circle tangent to three given, mutually tangent circles. The theorem is named after René Descartes, who stated it in 1643.
Cartesian circle. The Cartesian circle (also known as Arnauld 's circle[1]) is an example of fallacious circular reasoning attributed to French philosopher René Descartes. He argued that the existence of God is proven by reliable perception, which is itself guaranteed by God.
Cartesian coordinate system with a circle of radius 2 centered at the origin marked in red. The equation of a circle is (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 = r2 where a and b are the coordinates of the center (a, b) and r is the radius. Cartesian coordinates are named for René Descartes, whose invention of them in the 17th century revolutionized ...
Method of normals. In calculus, the method of normals was a technique invented by Descartes for finding normal and tangent lines to curves. It represented one of the earliest methods for constructing tangents to curves. The method hinges on the observation that the radius of a circle is always normal to the circle itself.
The circle with center at Q and with radius R is called the osculating circle to the curve γ at the point P. If C is a regular space curve then the osculating circle is defined in a similar way, using the principal normal vector N. It lies in the osculating plane, the plane spanned by the tangent and principal normal vectors T and N at the ...
The folium of Descartes (green) with asymptote (blue) when = In geometry , the folium of Descartes (from Latin folium ' leaf '; named for René Descartes ) is an algebraic curve defined by the implicit equation x 3 + y 3 − 3 a x y = 0. {\displaystyle x^{3}+y^{3}-3axy=0.}
The largest circle (curvature k 4) may also be replaced by a smaller circle with positive curvature ( k 0 = 4pp' − qq' ). EXAMPLE: Using the area and four radii obtained above for primitive triple [44, 117, 125] we obtain the following integer solutions to Descartes' Equation: k 1 = 143, k 2 = 99, k 3 = 26, k 4 = (−18), and k 0 = 554.
In geometry, the (angular) defect (or deficit or deficiency) means the failure of some angles to add up to the expected amount of 360° or 180°, when such angles in the Euclidean plane would. The opposite notion is the excess. Classically the defect arises in two ways: the defect of a vertex of a polyhedron; the defect of a hyperbolic triangle;