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A GraphQL service is created by defining types with fields, then providing functions to resolve the data for each field. The types and fields make up what is known as the schema definition. The functions that retrieve and map the data are called resolvers. [9] After being validated against the schema, a GraphQL query is executed by the server.
Current graph database products and projects often support a limited version of the model described here. For example, Apache Tinkerpop [13] forces each node and each edge to have a single label; Cypher allows nodes to have zero to many labels, but relationships only have a single label (called a reltype). Neo4j's database supports undocumented ...
GraphQL: an open-source data query and manipulation language for APIs. Dgraph implements modified GraphQL language called DQL (formerly GraphQL+-) Gremlin: a graph programming language that is a part of Apache TinkerPop open-source project [49] SPARQL: a query language for RDF databases that can retrieve and manipulate data stored in RDF format
Cypher is based on the Property Graph Model, which organizes data into nodes and edges (called “relationships” in Cypher).In addition to those standard graph elements of nodes and relationships, the property graph model adds labels and properties for describing finer categories and attributes of the data.
The following examples of Gremlin queries and responses in a Gremlin-Groovy environment are relative to a graph representation of the MovieLens dataset. [4] The dataset includes users who rate movies. Users each have one occupation, and each movie has one or more categories associated with it. The MovieLens graph schema is detailed below.
For schema design, TerminusDB used the OWL language until version 10.0. Since version 10 it uses a JSON schema interface allowing users to build schemas using a simple JSON format. This provides a rich modelling language which enables constraints on the allowable shapes in the graph.
The database schema is the structure of a database described in a formal language supported typically by a relational database management system (RDBMS). The term " schema " refers to the organization of data as a blueprint of how the database is constructed (divided into database tables in the case of relational databases ).
These languages support querying of both data and schema. RQL, an acronym for RDF Query Language, is known for using types defined in RDF schemas (RDFS) to query the schema class hierarchy and to support data querying by type. RQL is considered more expressive than the SPARQL family of languages, but has been criticized for too many features ...