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The oxidation of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), as one prominent example, is described as follows: C 8 F 17 SO 3 H + 8 H 2 O + 4 O 2 → 17 HF + 8 CO 2 + SO 3. The challenge implicit in this approach is that PFASs have been used in aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) because they both make foams and they resist oxidation. [7]
Simple scheme of the apparatus for electro-oxidation process. The set-up for performing an electro-oxidation treatment consists of an electrochemical cell.An external electric potential difference (aka voltage) is applied to the electrodes, resulting in the formation of reactive species, namely hydroxyl radicals, in the proximity of the electrode surface. [11]
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propionyl fluoride Precursor to GenX Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) C 6 HF 11 O 3: FRD-903, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid Chemical used in the GenX process. GenX hydrolyzes in the presence of water to form HFPO-DA. [124] Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) C 4 ...
Boron-doped diamond electrodes are used for the electrochemical oxidation system where it is capable of breaking PFAS molecular bonds which essentially eliminates the contaminates, leaving fresh water. [236] Acidimicrobium sp. strain A6 has been shown to be a PFAS and PFOS remediator. [237]
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (conjugate base perfluorooctanesulfonate) is a chemical compound having an eight-carbon fluorocarbon chain and a sulfonic acid functional group, and thus it is a perfluorosulfonic acid and a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS).
The free radicals generated by this process engage in secondary reactions. For example, the hydroxyl is a powerful, non-selective oxidant. [6] Oxidation of an organic compound by Fenton's reagent is rapid and exothermic and results in the oxidation of contaminants to primarily carbon dioxide and water.
Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) use microorganisms as electrochemical catalyst, merging the microbial metabolism with electrochemical processes for the production of bioelectricity, biofuels, H 2 and other valuable chemicals. [1] Microbial fuel cells (MFC) and microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) are prominent examples of METs.
The production process involves 2 molecules of hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) to produce hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid fluoride (FRD-903). The ammonium salt of FRD-903 is FRD-902 (ammonium (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate)), which is the specific chemical which Chemours has trademarked as part of GenX process. [5]