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  2. Complex number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number

    A real number a can be regarded as a complex number a + 0i, whose imaginary part is 0. A purely imaginary number bi is a complex number 0 + bi, whose real part is zero. It is common to write a + 0i = a, 0 + bi = bi, and a + (−b)i = a − bi; for example, 3 + (−4)i = 3 − 4i.

  3. Particular values of the Riemann zeta function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particular_values_of_the...

    Zeros of the Riemann zeta except negative even integers are called "nontrivial zeros". The Riemann hypothesis states that the real part of every nontrivial zero must be ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠. In other words, all known nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta are of the form z = ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ + yi where y is a real number.

  4. Complex conjugate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_conjugate

    In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with an equal real part and an imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. That is, if a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} are real numbers, then the complex conjugate of a + b i {\displaystyle a+bi} is a − b i . {\displaystyle a-bi.}

  5. Riemann zeta function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function

    for every complex number s with real part greater than 1. There are a number of similar relations involving various well-known multiplicative functions; these are given in the article on the Dirichlet series. The Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the claim that this expression is valid when the real part of s is greater than ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠.

  6. Argument (complex analysis) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_(complex_analysis)

    Figure 1. This Argand diagram represents the complex number lying on a plane.For each point on the plane, arg is the function which returns the angle . In mathematics (particularly in complex analysis), the argument of a complex number z, denoted arg(z), is the angle between the positive real axis and the line joining the origin and z, represented as a point in the complex plane, shown as in ...

  7. Riemann hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis

    The real part (red) and imaginary part (blue) of the Riemann zeta function ζ(s) along the critical line in the complex plane with real part Re(s) = 1/2. The first nontrivial zeros, where ζ(s) equals zero, occur where both curves touch the horizontal x-axis, for complex numbers with imaginary parts Im(s) equaling ±14.135, ±21.022 and ±25.011.

  8. Complex plane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_plane

    The multiplication of two complex numbers can be expressed more easily in polar coordinates: the magnitude or modulus of the product is the product of the two absolute values, or moduli, and the angle or argument of the product is the sum of the two angles, or arguments. In particular, multiplication by a complex number of modulus 1 acts as a ...

  9. Complex-base system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex-base_system

    In arithmetic, a complex-base system is a positional numeral system whose radix is an imaginary (proposed by Donald Knuth in 1955 [1] [2]) or complex number (proposed by S. Khmelnik in 1964 [3] and Walter F. Penney in 1965 [4] [5] [6]).