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In metaphysics, impenetrability is the name given to that quality of matter whereby two bodies cannot occupy the same space at the same time. The philosopher John Toland argued that impenetrability and extension were sufficient to define matter, a contention strongly disputed by Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz.
For example, if two electrons reside in the same orbital, then their values of n, ℓ, and m ℓ are equal. In that case, the two values of m s (spin) pair must be different. Since the only two possible values for the spin projection m s are +1/2 and −1/2, it follows that one electron must have m s = +1/2 and one m s = −1/2.
In other words, more than one identical particle cannot occupy an antisymmetric state (one antisymmetric state can be occupied only by one particle). This is known as the Pauli exclusion principle , and it is the fundamental reason behind the chemical properties of atoms and the stability of matter .
Compenetration refers to two or more extensions occupying the same space at the same time. This, according to scholastic philosophers, is impossible; according to this view, only spirits or spiritualized matter can occupy a place occupied already by an entity (matter or spirit)
For example, on the International Space Station the Earth's gravity is nearly 90% as strong as at the surface. Objects orbiting in space would not remain in orbit if not for the gravitational force, and gravitational fields extend even into the depths of intergalactic space. [5] [6] [7] The dark side of the Moon illuminated by the Sun.
It is fair to say that in physics, there is no broad consensus as to a general definition of matter, and the term "matter" usually is used in conjunction with a specifying modifier. The history of the concept of matter is a history of the fundamental length scales used to define matter. Different building blocks apply depending upon whether one ...
An executive chair leads to corporate confusion: ‘Two people cannot occupy the same space and make the same decisions’ Alan Murray, Nicholas Gordon September 8, 2023 at 12:21 AM
The best-known example is the so-called "paradox of the plankton". [6] All plankton species live on a very limited number of resources, primarily solar energy and minerals dissolved in the water. According to the competitive exclusion principle, only a small number of plankton species should be able to coexist on these resources.