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The agoge (Ancient Greek: ἀγωγή, romanized: ágōgḗ in Attic Greek, or ἀγωγά, ágōgá in Doric Greek) was the training program pre-requisite for Spartiate (citizen) status. Spartiate-class boys entered it age seven, and aged out at 30. It was considered violent by the standards of the day, and was sometimes fatal.
Spartan boys deemed strong enough entered the agoge regime at the age of seven, undergoing intense and rigorous military training. [3] Their education focused primarily on fostering cunningness, practicing sports and war tactics , and also included learning about poetry , music , academics , and sometimes politics .
Re-incorporation is characterized by elaborate rituals and ceremonies, like debutant balls and college graduation, and by outward symbols of new ties: thus "in rites of incorporation there is widespread use of the 'sacred bond', the 'sacred cord', the knot, and of analogous forms such as the belt, the ring, the bracelet and the crown." [9]
The Spartan Constitution (or Spartan politeia) are the government and laws of the classical Greek city-state of Sparta.All classical Greek city-states had a politeia; the politeia of Sparta however, was noted by many classical authors for its unique features, which supported a rigidly layered social system and a strong hoplite army.
The Greek Magical Papyri (Latin: Papyri Graecae Magicae, abbreviated PGM) is the name given by scholars to a body of papyri from Graeco-Roman Egypt, written mostly in ancient Greek (but also in Old Coptic, Demotic, etc.), which each contain a number of magical spells, formulae, hymns, and rituals.
The Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia (white star) near Sparta in the PeloponnesusThe Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia, an Archaic site devoted in Classical times to Artemis, was one of the most important religious sites in the Greek city-state of Sparta, and continued to be used into the fourth century CE, [1] [2] when all non-Christian worship was banned during the persecution of pagans in the late ...
Michael Likosky and Laura Norén 26 April 2012 - Institute for Public Knowledge, New York University Law & Public Finance Center on Selection Filter
These symbols were believed to possess protective and transformative powers, particularly when used in rituals, amulets, and tomb inscriptions. [4] Similarly, in Mesopotamia, the cuneiform script was employed in incantations and rituals designed to invoke divine powers, demonstrating an early link between written language and magical practices. [5]