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The crater is almost a mile across and has its own micro climate. Sheltered from the winds that wet most of the rest of the island, figs and vines flourish at Rano Kau. [1] The inner slope was the site of the last toromiro tree in the wild until the specimen was chopped down for firewood in 1960. Crater lake of Rano Kau, with Orongo at far right
The volcano has a 4 by 4.8 km (2.5 by 3.0 mi) wide caldera, and a single crater lake, Wonchi lake, about 450 m (1,480 ft) below the rim of the volcano.Study of Wonchi's caldera is incomplete; initial findings show it could be as much as 900 m (3,000 ft) deep, and the lake itself could be as deep as 400 m (1,300 ft).
The area of the crater was increased by about 28%, and was enlarged laterally by about 300 m. [5] The crater rim was lowered about 60 m, moving nearer to the lake below. [5] The water level in the lake on Kasatochi significantly decreased following the eruption; however, several streams flowing out of the lower crater walls slowly refilled it.
Crater Lake actually started as a mountain, Mount Mazama. A volcanic eruption roughly 7,700 years ago caused the mountain to collapse inward over time, forming a volcanic crater, the park says.
More than 30 eruptions have occurred since 1000 AD. [1] In 2007, an effusive explosion filled the crater with a lava dome. It last erupted on 13 February 2014, destroying the lava dome and ejecting boulders, stones and ashes up to West Java about 500 kilometres (310 mi) from Mount Kelud. The crater filled with water during the rainy season. [2] [3]
The crater was clearly changed by the eruption. A grey field of ash surrounds the crater and the caldera itself seems larger and deeper. The crater lake, which formed after Karthala's last eruption in 1991 and once dominated the caldera, is now gone completely. In its place were rough, dark grey rocks, possibly cooling lava or rubble from the ...
The crater lake of Mount Rinjani, Indonesia Lake Yeak Laom, Cambodia Baengnokdam crater lake of Hanla Mountain in winter, South Korea A volcanic crater lake is a lake in a crater that was formed by explosive activity or a collapse during a volcanic eruption .
Crater Lake is called Giiwas in the Klamath language. [7] Steel had helped map Crater Lake in 1886 with Clarence Dutton of the United States Geological Survey. The conservation movement in the United States was gaining traction, so Steel's efforts to preserve the Mazama area were achieved on two scales, first with the creation of the local ...