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Pneumonia is the most common hospital-acquired infection that causes death. [29] Before the advent of antibiotics, mortality was typically 30% in those that were hospitalized. [ 22 ] However, for those whose lung condition deteriorates within 72 hours, the problem is usually due to sepsis. [ 41 ]
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in all age groups except newborn infants. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium that often lives in the throat of people who do not have pneumonia. Other important Gram-positive causes of pneumonia are Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis.
There are various causes of pneumonia including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. [5] Pneumonia can be acquired from different sources such as in hospitals, the community, or through use of ventilators. [6] Pneumonia is a type of lower respiratory tract infection, and is also the most deadly communicable disease as of 2016. [4]
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is infectious pneumonia in a person who has not recently been hospitalized. CAP is the most common type of pneumonia. The most common causes of CAP vary depending on a person's age, but they include Streptococcus pneumoniae, viruses, the atypical bacteria, and Haemophilus influenzae.
A bacterium called Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes two types of respiratory tract infections: the more common chest cold, tracheobronchitis, and the less common lung infection, walking pneumonia.
[13] [15] Pneumonia is also the leading cause of death in children less than five years of age in low income countries. [15] The most common cause of pneumonia is pneumococcal bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae accounts for 2/3 of bacteremic pneumonias. [16] Invasive pneumococcal pneumonia has a mortality rate of around 20%. [14]
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