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The diagnosis of gallbladder mucoceles is done by veterinarians and is dependent on an ultrasound examination. Additional procedures and diagnostics include physical examination and blood tests. Blood-work may reveal liver issues caused by obstruction of the common bile duct caused by sludge from the Gall Bladder.
It is most common in young adult dogs of any breed, but especially small dogs such as the Toy Poodle and Miniature Schnauzer. [ 6 ] Gallbladder mucocele is a disease whereby the gallbladder becomes extended with bile and mucus, which can lead to the blockage of bile outflow from the liver.
It shows a gallbladder wall that is almost pathologically thickened, at 3 mm. However, there is no apparent edema in the pericholecystic fat. The gallbladder contains biliary sludge, as well as gallstones, which create acoustic shadowing. There is thus gallstones without current cholecystitis.
Biliary sludge has been associated with pregnancy, rapid weight loss, total parenteral nutrition, drugs such as ceftriaxone and octreotide, solid organ transplantation, and gastric surgery. [1] [2] In many of these conditions, it is thought that the impairment in the contractility of the gallbladder leads to the formation of the sludge. [2]
Postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) describes the presence of abdominal symptoms after a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal). Symptoms occur in about 5 to 40 percent of patients who undergo cholecystectomy, [1] and can be transient, persistent or lifelong. [2] [3] The chronic condition is diagnosed in approximately 10% of postcholecystectomy ...
Once tissue has died, the gallbladder is at greatly increased risk of rupture (perforation), which can cause sharp pain. Rupture can also occur in cases of chronic cholecystitis. [13] Rupture is a rare but serious complication that leads to abscess formation or peritonitis. [14] Massive rupture of the gallbladder has a mortality rate of 30%. [13]
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[2] [3] Ceftriaxone has been frequently associated with biliary sludge or biliary pseudolithiasis in subsequent reports. [3] Ceftriaxone is excreted primarily through the urine , but also through the bile, up to 40% of its excretion, with concentrations in the bile 20-150 times higher than in the serum.