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Vulvovaginal atrophy and atrophic vaginitis have been the preferred terms for this condition and cluster of symptoms until recently. These terms are now regarded as inaccurate in describing changes to the entire genitourinary system occurring after menopause.
[12] [13] Radiation-induced stenosis can be a late reaction to treatment. Damage to the vaginal epithelium causes abnormal collagen production that leads to atrophy, loss of muscle, decreased blood flow, hypoxia, and fibrosis. Pallor, adhesions, and fragility can be observed along with loss of elasticity. [1]
Vulvovaginal atrophy is thinning, drying, and inflammation of the vaginal walls that can happen when your body produces less estrogen, most commonly after menopause (usually in women 50 or over ...
Vaginitis, also known as vulvovaginitis, is inflammation of the vagina and vulva. [4] [5] Symptoms may include itching, burning, pain, discharge, and a bad smell. [1]Certain types of vaginitis may result in complications during pregnancy.
Vaginal cancer is very rare, but its symptoms include abnormal vaginal bleeding or vaginal discharge. [1] Air embolism is a potentially fatal condition where an air bubble travels throughout the bloodstream and can obstruct a vessel. It can result if air is blown into a pregnant woman's vagina during cunnilingus; this is because pregnant women ...
Tight muscles can even contribute to and cause pain in the posterior area of the vestibule. People with hypertonic pelvic floor dysfunction may experience urinary symptoms like urgency and/or symptoms like constipation, rectal fissures, hip pain, and/or lower back pain. [10] Pain extending outside of the vulvar vestibule may have other sources.
During menopause, hormone levels decrease, which causes changes in the vulva known as vulvovaginal atrophy. [55] The decreased estrogen affects the mons, the labia, and the vaginal opening and can cause pale, itchy, and sore skin. [55]
only in case of severe epithelial atrophy and in repair processes after inflammation stratum granulosum: part of the parabasal layer, round to longitudinal oval, cytoplasm basophilic 20 μm clear cell nucleus Frequent glycogen storage, thickened cell margins and decentralized cell nucleus; Predominant cell type in menopausal women [12] [24] [16 ...