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The crucifixion of Jesus was the death of Jesus by being nailed to a cross. [note 1] It occurred in 1st-century Judaea, most likely in AD 30 or AD 33.It is described in the four canonical gospels, referred to in the New Testament epistles, and later attested to by other ancient sources.
According to the gospel accounts, Jewish authorities in Roman Judea charged Jesus with blasphemy and sought his execution, but lacked the authority to have Jesus put to death (John 18:31), so they took Jesus to Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor of the province, who authorized Jesus's execution (John 19:16). [16]
The arrest of Jesus was a pivotal event in Christianity recorded in the canonical gospels.It occurred shortly after the Last Supper (during which Jesus gave his final sermon), and immediately after the kiss of Judas, which is traditionally said to have been an act of betrayal since Judas made a deal with the chief priests to arrest Jesus.
Although the Roman historians Josephus and Appian refer to the crucifixion of thousands in during the Roman-Jewish wars in Judaea by the Romans, there are few actual archaeological remains. A prominent example is the crucified body found in a Jewish tomb dating back to the 1st century which was discovered at Givat HaMivtar, Jerusalem in 1968. [119]
Sources on Pontius Pilate are limited, although modern scholars know more about him than about other Roman governors of Judaea. [14] The most important sources are the Embassy to Gaius (after the year 41) by contemporary Jewish writer Philo of Alexandria, [15] the Jewish Wars (c. 74) and Antiquities of the Jews (c. 94) by the Jewish historian Josephus, as well as the four canonical Christian ...
Because of this, some scholars believe Jesus' death was Jewish martyrdom. [10] [11] [12] Jesus himself said he had come to fulfill the Torah. [13] The Catholic Church calls Jesus the "King of Martyrs" because, as a man, he refused to commit sin unto the point of shedding blood. [14]
The Pharisees and scribes criticized Jesus and his disciples for not observing Mosaic Law. They criticized his disciples for not washing their hands before eating. (The religious leaders engaged in ceremonial cleansing like washing up to the elbow and baptizing the cups and plates before eating food in them—Mark 7:1–23, [14] Matthew 15:1–20.) [15] Jesus is also criticized for eating with ...
Jesus abducted for crucifixion: Matthew 27:27–31. Roman soldiers took Jesus into the praetorium. Soldiers undressed Jesus and put a scarlet robe, a crown of thorns and a staff on him. Soldiers knelt in front of Jesus and mocked him saying: 'Hail, king of the Jews!' They spit on him, took the staff and struck his head.