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ER-positive is one of the Receptor statuses identified in the classification of breast cancer.Receptor status was traditionally considered by reviewing each individual receptor (ER, PR, her2) in turn, but newer approaches look at these together, along with the tumor grade, to categorize breast cancer into several conceptual molecular classes [1] that have different prognoses [2] and may have ...
If a patient with ER+ breast cancer develops endocrine resistance, the endocrine therapy used to treat the cancer will no longer be effective. Approximately 30-50% of ER+ breast cancer patients will relapse as a result of endocrine resistance, proving it to be a predominant challenge in the treatment of ER+ breast cancer patients. [19]
HER2 is the target of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (marketed as Herceptin). Trastuzumab is effective only in cancers where HER2 is over-expressed. One year of trastuzumab therapy is recommended for all patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who are also receiving chemotherapy. [33] Twelve months of trastuzumab therapy is optimal.
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
In early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer, trastuzumab-containing regimens improved overall survival (Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.66) and disease-free survival (HR = 0.60). [39] Increased risk of heart failure (RR = 5.11) and decline in left ventricular ejection fraction ( relative risk RR = 1.83) were seen in these trials as well. [ 39 ]
Scientists have characterized the role of thousands of mutations in the BRCA2 cancer gene, findings that may help reassure worried patients about their cancer risk or guide doctors toward better ...
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